Medical Biochemistry: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access (Medial Biochemistry) by Baynes John & Dominiczak Marek H

Author:Baynes, John & Dominiczak, Marek H. [Baynes, John]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781455745814
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences UK
Published: 2014-03-01T00:00:00+00:00

The anion gap (in a healthy person, approximately 10 mmol/L) includes phosphate, sulfate, protein, and organic anions such as lactate, citrate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, and β-hydroxybutyrate. However, it may increase several-fold in conditions where inorganic and organic anions accumulate, e.g. in renal failure or diabetic ketoacidosis. For this reason it is clinically important.

Plasma membrane separates the intracellular and extracellular fluid

In the ICF, the main cation is potassium, present in a concentration of about 110 mmol/L. This is almost 30-fold greater than its concentration in the ECF and in plasma (4 mmol/L). The main anions in the ICF are proteins and phosphate. In the ECF, the situation is reversed: the main cation is sodium, present in a concentration of about 145 mmol/L. In the ICF the concentration of sodium (and chloride) is only 10 mmol/L.

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